What is Osgood Schlatter disease?
Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OSD) is a common overuse injury affecting the knee, predominantly found in adolescents during periods of rapid growth. This condition arises when the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap (patella) to the shinbone (tibia), becomes inflamed where it attaches to the tibial tuberosity, a bony prominence just below the knee joint. The growth plate located here is still developing in children, and this area of cartilage is more vulnerable to irritation and stress during periods of rapid growth. When the quadriceps muscles repeatedly pull on the patellar tendon, it causes tension on the tibia, leading to inflammation and pain in this region.
Typically, OSD affects athletes, especially those involved in high-impact sports such as basketball, soccer, volleyball, and running. It is most common in boys between the ages of 10-16, though it also affects girls who engage in intense physical activities. Growth spurts contribute to the condition, as the body grows rapidly, and muscles and tendons struggle to keep pace with bone development.
How to detect OSD and what should you do after a positive detection?
The symptoms of Osgood-Schlatter Disease include swelling, tenderness, and pain just below the kneecap. These symptoms intensify with activities that put pressure on the knee, such as running, jumping, and kneeling, and often subside with rest. While OSD can affect both knees, it typically manifests in just one.
Fortunately, the prognosis is excellent. The condition resolves on its own as the growth plates mature and turn into solid bone, though this process can take several months or even years. Rest is key to recovery, and reducing physical activity is essential to avoid aggravating the condition. In some cases, physical therapy is recommended to help stretch and strengthen the muscles around the knee. Anti-inflammatory medications and icing the affected area can also help manage pain and swelling. Surgery is extremely rare and only considered in cases where bone fragments persist after growth is complete.
While OSD can temporarily limit sports participation, it does not cause long-term damage. With proper management, most athletes can return to their activities without issues.
